The technology in these appliances simply agitates water molecules to heat food, leaving no residue and without transforming food into toxic or radioactive substances. The widespread use of microwave ovens in modern kitchens has revolutionised the way we prepare and heat food, although their popularity has been accompanied by doubts about their impact on health.
One of the most frequently asked questions revolves around the possibility that these appliances may be linked to the development of cancer. Experts from the American Oncology Institute (AOI) have addressed this concern, clarifying the main myths and presenting scientific findings on the subject.
Microwave radiation: what it is and how it works
Microwave safety tips: how to avoid accidents and trust the technology Microwave radiation, used in these ovens, belongs to the group of non-ionising radiation. This means that it does not have enough energy to modify the structure of atoms or molecules or to remove electrons, unlike the ionising radiation of X-rays or gamma rays, which is associated with the risk of cancer.
In simple terms, microwaves cannot cause the cellular changes that usually trigger cancerous processes. When a microwave oven is used to heat food, what occurs is a physical phenomenon: the waves cause the water molecules in the food to vibrate, producing heat from the inside out. The metal design of the internal cavity and the door mesh prevent radiation from escaping, ensuring that the microwaves remain contained and protected from the environment.
Is there a real risk of cancer from domestic use of microwaves?
The American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR), along with other international health agencies, states that there is no scientific evidence linking regular use of microwave ovens to an increased risk of cancer. Experts point out that keeping the oven in good condition, checking for signs of damage and following the instructions minimises incidents, while dispelling rumours about cancer and radiation. For decades, extensive studies have analysed exposure to microwave radiation within the permitted parameters and found no evidence to indicate negative effects on human health related to cancer.
On the contrary, most reported adverse incidents involve improper use or handling of unsuitable containers, rather than exposure to radiation itself. In addition, international standards require that microwave ovens sold on the market undergo rigorous testing to ensure that any radiation emissions remain well below safe limits.
Tips for safe and responsible use
Despite the lack of evidence linking microwaves to cancer, the AOI recommends following certain safety guidelines that help prevent unnecessary risks at home: Responsible use of the microwave: recommendations to avoid risks and misinformation
- Check that the oven is in perfect condition and that the door closes properly, avoiding possible leaks that could affect its effectiveness or safety.
- Follow the manufacturer’s instructions to the letter. Operating an empty microwave oven can damage the magnetron and other internal components.
- Only use containers suitable for microwave ovens; unsuitable plastics can release toxic substances when heated.
- Do not stand near the microwave oven watching the process for long periods of time, even though the radiation is designed to remain inside the appliance.
- If the oven shows signs of wear or damage, do not use it and consult a qualified technician.
The AOI emphasised that fears that microwave ovens cause cancer are not supported by current scientific literature. Concerns should focus on proven risk factors such as genetics, smoking, or exposure to recognised carcinogens. As kitchen technology evolves, it is likely that questions and myths about the safety of household appliances will persist. Professionals recommend that anyone with questions consult reliable sources and stay informed through peer-reviewed research, avoiding the spread of unfounded information. Using the microwave according to the manufacturer’s recommendations, choosing suitable containers, and performing preventive maintenance is the best way to ensure safety in the kitchen without sacrificing the convenience and speed that these appliances offer.
