An innovation in the field of engines will allow unprecedented speeds to be reached in space and reduce travel time to the planets of the Solar System. As part of a technological and scientific innovation that promises to transform space research, a state-owned company has developed a prototype electric plasma engine based on a magnetic plasma accelerator. The new engine promises to significantly reduce the travel time to Mars from almost a year to 30-60 days, compared to the six months that would be required with current technologies, opening up possibilities for future manned round-trip journeys.
Plasma engine: a novelty in space propulsion
The engine works by accelerating charged particles between two electrodes under high voltage. The interaction between the electric current and the generated magnetic field pushes these particles, creating a constant thrust that propels the spacecraft at a speed far greater than that achieved by conventional chemical engines. Its specific propulsion exceeds 100 kilometres per second, and the propulsive force is at least 6 newtons, with an average operating power of about 300 kilowatts in pulsed-periodic mode. This technology not only allows for increased spacecraft speed, but also achieves much greater fuel efficiency, reducing the amount of fuel required by up to ten times compared to traditional chemical systems. In addition, thanks to faster missions, it reduces the risk of prolonged exposure to space radiation, which astronauts encounter in deep space.
Test infrastructure and the future of space travel
Rosatom is currently building a large-scale experimental infrastructure at its facility in Troitsk, which includes a vacuum chamber 4 metres in diameter and 14 metres long. This chamber, equipped with advanced vacuum pumping and thermal regulation systems, allows simulation of space conditions to test the engine and ensure its proper functioning. The engine is an integral part of Rosatom’s plans to develop nuclear space tugs, advanced vehicles that could facilitate interplanetary research, significantly reducing the costs and time of subsequent missions.
New technological challenges
To fly to Mars in 30 days, the spacecraft must reach an average speed of about 310,000 km/h. Such an increase in speed is a paradigm shift in space technology. Although chemical rockets remain vital for overcoming Earth’s gravity and entering initial orbit, the plasma engine is destined to become the primary system for interplanetary flights. However, this promising development is not without its problems. There are still some doubts about the possibility of mass production and the fulfilment of the promised characteristics, especially in the context of large-scale budgets and testing. In addition, the future integration of nuclear technologies into these systems could further expand their capabilities, making it possible to increase the autonomy of space missions.
Impact on humanity and next steps
The scientists’ achievement represents a significant technological breakthrough, with implications not only for the exploration of Mars, but also for the creation of human bases and colonies on other planets. Faster and safer space travel could open the door to a new era marked by human exploration and expansion beyond Earth. Rosatom has taken a major step forward by creating a prototype, and the next stages of testing will be crucial to confirm its real applicability in manned space missions. If successful, a trip to Mars in just one month may cease to be science fiction and become a reality in the near future. This new technology has the potential to radically change our space exploration capabilities and represents a strategic advance for humanity in the race to colonise Mars and other interplanetary objectives.
